[19971028]97-973GOV_美国选举中的商业和劳动力支出.pdf

While election law prohibitions specify corporations, this report often uses the broader term1business, to include trade associations and other groups that are business-oriented, in order toreflect better todays political practices. In any case, as corporations, all these groups otherwisereferred to as business-related are equally covered by election law regulations.A unions restricted class includes its members, officials, and families; a corporations, its2executive and administrative personnel, stockholders, and families. Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS Web97-973 GOVOctober 28, 1997Business and Labor Spending in U.S. ElectionsJoseph E. CantorSpecialist in American National GovernmentGovernment DivisionSummaryFederal election law has long prohibited corporate and union spending in federalelections, but distinctions in statutes and judicial rulings have opened avenues by whichthese groups have been able to spend money in the electoral process. Business groupsmake particular use of political action committee (PAC) donations to candidates and softmoney donations to parties. Unions made prominent use of issue advoca