[19981117]95-499_研发伙伴关系：政府-行业合作.pdf

http:/wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-95-499Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS Web95-499 SPRUpdated November 17, 1998R&D Partnerships: Government-Industry CollaborationWendy H. SchachtSpecialist in Science and TechnologyScience, Technology, and Medicine DivisionSummaryOver the past 15 years, congressional initiatives have created programs and policiesencouraging the establishment of government-industry-university research anddevelopment (R&D) partnerships to stimulate technological innovation and economicgrowth. Efforts to eliminate several of these activities during the 104th Congressreflected opposition to certain programs designed to facilitate the commercialization oftechnology, particularly those involving direct federal funding. Many of the samequestions were raised in the 105th Congress; however, established program continuedto receive support. Within the context of budget decisions, the 106th Congress isexpected to again debate the governments role in promoting collaborative venturesfocused on generating new products and processes for the marketplace.Policy DevelopmentThere were several attempts during the 104th Cong