[20001023]RS20711_12919号行政命令：总统的紧急权力.pdf

Congressional Research Service ? The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS20711October 23, 2000Executive Order 12919: Emergency Powers of thePresident(name redacted)Legislative AttorneyAmerican Law DivisionSummaryExecutive Order 12919 concerns industrial preparedness during times of war andnational emergency. This brief report uses simple language to describe what ExecutiveOrder 12919 does. It is intended to clarify common misunderstandings about the Orderspurpose and scope.The scope of Executive Order 12919 is sometimes misunderstood. For example,congressional offices sometimes receive correspondence expressing concerns thatExecutive Order 12919 reflects an attempt by the President to assume powers notconferred on him under the Constitution and to consolidate all the powers of the federalgovernment under the Executive Branch and also that the Order somehow allows thePresident to declare martial law. Those concerns are unwarranted. As its caption (i.e.,National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness) itself implies, Executive Order 12919relates exclusively to the preparedness of U.S. defense-related industries in times of waror other