[20010419]RS20193_自动柜员机（ATM）费用：立法和问题.pdf

Congressional Research Service ? The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS20193Updated April 19, 2001Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Fees:Legislation and Issues Pauline SmaleEconomic AnalystGovernment and Finance DivisionSummary Congressional interest in the structure of fees associated with ATMs (automatedteller machines) was increased as a result of a 1996 Visa U.S.A. and MasterCardInternational decision. Effective April 1, 1996, the two companies repealed their policiesthat banned surcharges at ATMs for the national networks they operate. An ATMsurcharge refers to a fee charged directly to the consumer by an ATM owner or operator,not the institution of deposit. Until this action, the great majority of ATM fees wereimposed by the account-holding institution. Pursuant to Federal Reserve Regulation E,these fees must be disclosed to the consumer when an account is opened and in periodicstatements. The account-holding institution can charge its customer for using theinstitutions own ATMs. The deposit-holding institution can also charge its customer forusing another institutions or a nonbanks ATM to access funds. The surcharge fee wouldbe i