[20050628]RS20351_全面禁试条约：赞成和反对.pdf

Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS20351Updated June 28, 2005Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Pro and ConJonathan MedaliaSpecialist in National DefenseForeign Affairs, Defense, and Trade DivisionSummaryThe Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) would ban all nuclear explosions.President Clinton signed it in 1996 and transmitted it to the Senate in 1997. The Senaterejected it in 1999. To enter into force, 44 named nations, including the United States,must ratify the treaty. The Bush Administration opposes ratification but has maintaineda moratorium on nuclear testing begun in 1992. This report presents pros and cons ofkey arguments: the treatys implications for nuclear nonproliferation, for maintainingand developing nuclear weapons, for the value of nuclear weapons, and for maintainingU.S. nuclear advantage; monitoring issues; and potential consequences of resumingtesting. This report will be updated periodically. See also CRS Issue Brief IB92099,Nuclear Weapons: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and CRS Report 97-1007 F,Nuclear Testing and Comprehensive Test Ban: Chronology Starting September 1992.StatusFol