[20050622]RS22158_主动声纳和海洋哺乳动物：带参考文献的年表.pdf

1 Although the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1371) refers to this action as a “moratorium,” some considerthis action a ban or prohibition because it was (and is) permanent.2 Under the MMPA, in 16 U.S.C. 1362(13), take means “to harass, hunt, capture, or kill, orattempt to harass, hunt, capture, or kill.”3 Active sonar creates a pulse of sound, often called a “ping”, after which operators of such asystem listen for reflections or echoes of the transmitted pulses. Passive sonar involves listeningwithout transmitting a pulse of sound.Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for Congress.Received through the CRS WebOrder Code RS22158Updated June 22, 2005Active Sonar and Marine Mammals:Chronology with ReferencesKori CalvertInformation Research SpecialistKnowledge Services GroupEugene H. BuckSpecialist in Natural Resources PolicyResources, Science, and Industry DivisionSummaryThe deployment of active sonar by the U.S. Navy and its potential impacts onmarine mammals has been an ongoing issue of intense debate; regulatory, legislative,and judicial activity; and international concern. This report provides a chronology ofsignificant events and documents since 1994. It will be updat