[20050719]RS22191_平权行动：奥康纳法官的意见.pdf

1 United Steelworkers v. Weber, 443 U.S. 193 (1979). 2 Local 28 Sheet Metal Workers v. EEOC, 478 U.S. 421 (1986).3 United States v. Paradise, 480 U.S. 149 (1987); Johnson v. Transportation Agency, 480 U.S.(continued.)Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS22191Updated July 19, 2005Affirmative Action: Justice OConnorsOpinionsname redactedLegislative AttorneyAmerican Law DivisionSummaryAn examination of Justice OConnors opinions reveals a gradual shift inperspective regarding the legal and constitutional standards to be applied in evaluatinggovernmental affirmative action efforts, and the manner of their application in variouslegal and factual settings. This report briefly surveys decisions of retiring Justice SandraDay OConnor in affirmative action cases, an area where her opinions have frequentlydetermined the outcome.An examination of Justice OConnors opinions reveals a gradual shift inperspective regarding the legal and constitutional standards to be applied in evaluatinggovernmental affirmative action efforts, and the manner of their application in variouslegal and factual settings. Early on, Justice