[20060115]RS22274_埃及：2005年总统和议会选举.pdf

Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS22274Updated January 15, 2006Egypt: 2005 Presidential and Parliamentary Electionsname redactedMiddle East Policy AnalystForeign Affairs, Defense, and Trade DivisionSummaryIn 2005, Egypt conducted two sets of elections that illustrate both the opportunitiesand challenges for U.S. democracy promotion policy in the Middle East. On September7, 2005, Egypt conducted its first multi-candidate presidential election, resulting in thereelection of President Hosni Mubarak with 88% of the vote. Although some havecredited Egypt for holding a competitive election, many have criticized the outcome andalleged fraud. Parliamentary elections in Egypt resulted in the ruling NDP party securingan overwhelming majority of seats but also saw independent candidates affiliated withthe outlawed Muslim Brotherhood winning nearly 20% of seats, a dramatic gain fromprevious elections. This report provides an overview of both elections and theirimplications for U.S. policy. For more information on Egypt, see CRS Report RL33003,Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations, by (name redacted). BackgroundI