[20060126]RS22368_墨西哥政治史：从革命到交替1910-2006.pdf

Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS22368January 26, 2006Mexicos Political History: From Revolution to Alternation, 1910-2006K. Larry StorrsSpecialist in Latin American AffairsForeign Affairs, Defense, and Trade DivisionSummaryThis brief overview of Mexicos political history from 1910 to 2006, with emphasison electoral reforms and elections, demonstrates that Mexico has evolved from long-term domination by a single party to alternation and effective competition among thethree major parties. This report sets the stage for the approaching July 2006 elections.Mexicos Early HistoryWith a history dating to the Aztec indigenous culture and Spanish colonial rule,Mexico achieved independence in 1821. In the subsequent period, the country sufferedmany divisive and autocratic influences, although there was a period of reform underBenito Juarezs two phases of presidential rule (1858-1862, 1867-1872). One majordictator was Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (1833-1855), under whom the country lost vastnorthern territories to the United States Texas in 1836, and the southwest region of theUnited States in 1846-1848 in the