[20061211]RS20863_甲基溴与平流层臭氧消耗.pdf

Order Code RS20863Updated December 11, 2006Methyl Bromide and Stratospheric Ozone DepletionWayne A. MorrisseyInformation Research Specialist in Science and TechnologyKnowledge Services GroupSummaryMethyl Bromide (MeBr), a widely used pesticide in agriculture, is regulated for itspotential ozone-depleting effects in the Earths stratosphere. Controls on production,emissions, and trade are mandated internationally under the 1987 Montreal Protocol onSubstances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (the Protocol) and domestically under Title VIof the U.S. Clean Air Act. A ban on production for nonessential uses occurred onDecember 31, 2004, but the Protocol still regulates post-2004 production for criticaluses. U.S. agribusinesses have sought exemptions from the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) to produce MeBr for certain critical uses after the ban. Exemptions areresisted by some Protocol parties and environmental advocates who seek a rapid,definitive ban on production and use. Chemical companies maintain that they cannotforesee development of effective chemical substitutes for all uses of MeBr in the nearterm, and agricultural producers indicate they may have to rely on less economical and