[20141030]IF10195_2014年农业法案之后的美国乳制品项目（P.L113-79).pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov October 30, 2014U.S. Dairy Programs After the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79)The 2014 farm bill makes significant changes to the structure of U.S. dairy support programs. In particular, major price and income support programs from the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246) were replaced with two new programsan insurance-like Margin Protection Program (MPP) for producers and a Dairy Product Donation Program (DPDP) involving government purchases of dairy products during periods of low margins. Reaching a final compromise on U.S. dairy policy, as contained in the 2014 farm bill, was an arduous task, involving considerable debate over the nature and role of federal support programs for dairy. Prior Dairy Policy A federal policy goal has been to support producer incomes by supporting the farm price of fluid milk. However, fluid milk is highly perishable. As a result, federal programs have supported milk prices indirectly by offering to buy storable dairy products (e.g., powdered milk, butter, or cheese) at support prices set in fluid-milk equivalents. Federal dairy price supports were first established in 1949 and were modified in subsequent legislation, including th