[20141201]IF10015_国会监督和调查.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov December 1, 2014Congressional Oversight and InvestigationsSince its inception, Congress has engaged in oversight of the executive branch which, broadly defined, includes the review, monitoring, and supervision of the implementation of public policy. The first Congresses inaugurated such important oversight techniques as special investigations, reporting requirements, and the use of the appropriations process to review executive authority. In modern time, congressional oversight can occur in virtually any legislative activity and through a wide variety of channels, organizations, and structures. These activities range from formal committee hearings to informal Member or staff contact with executive officials; from staff studies to support-agency reviews; and from casework conducted by Member offices to studies prepared by non-congressional entities such as commissions and inspectors general. Legal Authority for Oversight Generally, Congresss power to obtain information, including classified and/or confidential information, is extremely broad. While there is no express constitutional provision authorizing congressional oversight or investigations, the