[20141202]IN10138_执法“军事化”与国防部“1033计划”.pdf

CRS InsightsThe Militarization of Law Enforcement and the Department of Defenses 1033 ProgramNathan James, Analyst in Crime Policy (njamescrs.loc.gov, 7-0264)Daniel H. Else, Specialist in National Defense (delsecrs.loc.gov, 7-4996)December 2, 2014 (IN10138)August 2014 clashes between police and protesters in Ferguson, MO, sparked a national conversationabout the militarization of law enforcement and the expanding role of Special Weapons and Tactics(SWAT) teams. Both the House and the Senate held hearings on what role the Department ofDefenses (DOD) 1033 Program might play in the militarization of law enforcement.Militarization of Law EnforcementSWAT teams first appeared in the later part of the 1960s as a way to respond to extraordinary casesthat could not be effectively managed by regular law enforcement personnel. The tactics employed bySWAT teams are designed to protect the safety of officers, the public, victims, and offenders.The number of SWAT teams has proliferated since they were founded in the 1960s. By the late 1990s,about 89% of police departments in the United States serving jurisdictions of 50,000 or more people,and 80% of departments serving jurisdictions of 25-50,000