[20150123]IF10055_银行倒闭和联邦存款保险公司.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov January 23, 2015Bank Failures and the FDICThis In Focus introduces the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations (FDICs) process for resolving failing FDIC insured banks. It also identifies policy issues Congress may consider related to the FDIC, including new resolution authority established by the Dodd-Frank Act (P.L. 111-203). Overview of Bank Failures Banks fail for many reasons, although most trace back to the management of bank resources, resulting in a banks inability to meet liquidity or capital requirements. Liquidity refers to the ability of a bank to meet cash flow needs, including deposit withdrawals by its customers. Capital (equity) is the difference between assets and liabilities. A banks capital helps absorb losses on loans, securities purchased by the bank, and other assets. When a banks capital situation deteriorates such that it fails to meet minimum regulatory standards, the banks primary federal regulator is required to take Prompt Corrective Action (PCA). Regulators typically issue PCA letters advising the bank on specific actions it must take to restore itself to financial health. When a critically undercapitalized bank fails to m