[20150519]IN10280_候选人、团体和竞选融资环境.pdf

CRS InsightsCandidates, Groups, and the Campaign Finance EnvironmentR. Sam Garrett, Specialist in American National Government (rgarrettcrs.loc.gov, 7-6443)May 19, 2015 (IN10280)More than 300 presidential candidates have alerted the Federal Election Commission (FEC) that they plan to seek the nations highest office in 2016. Few would be widely regarded as major candidates, and some undeclared candidates have nonetheless received substantial media attention. According to one recent media report, fifteen White House contenders are being boosted by big-money groups run by their close allies. Most have not yet declared their candidacies but are instead fundraising for super PACs. Reports suggest that super PACs and entities organized under Sections 501(c) or 527 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) are filling roles traditionally played by campaigns or parties, such as developing policy positions and conducting opposition research. Various entities reportedly are preparing for 2016, especially the presidential contest, but also congressional and other races. Some of this activity has been controversial amid debate over whether groups are primarily influencing campaigns versus engaging in