[20150619]IF10121_可再生燃料标准（RFS）：合规性和处罚.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated June 19, 2015The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Compliance and PenaltiesBackground The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requires that renewable fuel be blended into the nations transportation fuel supply. However, it does not explicitly require the production of biofuels. The mandatebased on volume (in billions of gallons)increases annually from 9.0 billion gallons in 2008 to 36.0 billion gallons in 2022 (see Figure 1). Within the overall RFS mandate, there is a smaller mandate to use advanced biofuels, which include fuels other than cornstarch ethanol that meet greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements relative to gasoline. Two subcategories of the advanced biofuel category specifically identified in the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA; P.L. 110-140) are cellulosic biofuels and biomass-based diesel. The advanced biofuel category also includes other fuels, such as biogas and butanol. Outside of the advanced biofuel requirement, the remainder of the RFS generally is met using ethanol produced from cornstarch. Responsibility for administering the RFS lies with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The agency approves fuel