[20150811]IF10025_地面运输资金和基础设施挑战.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated August 11, 2015Surface Transportation Funding and Infrastructure ChallengesSurface transportation reauthorization acts fund federal highway and public transportation programs. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21; P.L. 112-141), which originally expired September 31, 2014, has been extended through October 29, 2015, by the Surface Transportation and Veterans Health Care Choice Improvement Act (P.L. 114-41). The most salient issue remains funding and the solvency of the Highway Trust Fund (HTF). The extension bill transferred $8.07 billion into the HTF to prevent a funding shortfall. More money will be needed if Congress wishes to continue the highway and public transportation programs at their current levels. The Federal-Aid Highway Program MAP-21 and two subsequent extensions provided $41 billion annually for highways. Of these funds, 92.5% are provided to the states via formula. The states have nearly complete control over the decisionmaking in regard to these funds, within the limits of federal planning, eligibility, and oversight rules. Money is not provided up front. A state is reimbursed after work is started, c