[20150818]IF10269_饮用水中的藻类毒素：EPA健康咨询.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated August 18, 2015Algal Toxins in Drinking Water: EPA Health AdvisoriesOn June 17, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued drinking water health advisories for two algal toxins to help water providers address threats to drinking water supplies from harmful algal blooms (HABs). Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) occur naturally in marine and fresh water and can produce numerous potent algal toxins (cyanotoxins). Exposure to cyanotoxins can cause a range of adverse health effects, from rashes to severe illness and, rarely, death. A confluence of conditionsincluding warm water temperatures, excess nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) and strong sunlightcan trigger explosive growth of cyanobacteria, creating harmful algal blooms. These HABs can contaminate drinking water supplied from surface water or groundwater directly influenced by surface water. Further, HABs appear to be increasing. EPAs 2009 National Lakes Assessment found microcystins, one of the more common and potentially harmful cyanotoxins, to be present in one-third of lakes surveyed nationwide. In August 2014, microcystins produced by a bloom in Lake Erie contaminate