[20150902]IN10352_军备控制批准：修改协议的机会.pdf

Arms Control Ratification: Opportunities for Modifying AgreementsSeptember 2, 2015 (IN10352) | |Amy F. Woolf, Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy (awoolfcrs.loc.gov, 7-2379)On July 14, 2015, Iran, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany (the P5+1) finalized a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)an agreement that restricts Irans nuclear program in an effort to ensure that it can only be used for peaceful purposes. The Obama Administration and others who support this agreement contend that efforts by Congress to alter or amend the agreement would necessitate additional negotiations and, essentially, block a diplomatic solution. Some Members of Congress and others who oppose the agreement contend, however, that if Congress mandated changes and insisted on further negotiations, the United States could conclude a better agreement. Some note that, in the past, Congress has rejected or altered hundreds of international agreements. According to one analyst, the Senate has added conditions to its consent to ratification, even when the agreements included numerous other participating countries. This has led, according to another analyst, to Congress p