[20160302]IN10446_密歇根州弗林特市饮用水中的铅：联邦监管角色.pdf

CRS INSIGHTLead in Flint, Michigans Drinking Water: Federal Regulatory RoleMarch 2, 2016 (IN10446) | Related AuthorMary Tiemann |Mary Tiemann, Specialist in Environmental Policy (mtiemanncrs.loc.gov, 7-5937)In April 2014, the city of Flint, Michigan, stopped purchasing treated water from the city of Detroit and began using the Flint River as its water source without providing corrosion control treatment. (A key source of lead in drinking water is the corrosion of plumbing materials in the distribution system and households.) While some water quality changes were quickly apparent, elevated lead concentrations were identified over a longer period through monitoring conducted by the city and others and detections of elevated blood lead levels in children. On October 1, 2015, city officials urged residents to stop drinking the water. On October 16, Flint reconnected to Detroits water and advised residents not to use unfiltered tap water. The city and the governor of Michigan each declared a state of emergency. President Obama issued an emergency declaration on January 16, 2016.On January 21, 2016, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued an emergency order directing the city an