[20160525]IF10413_非洲大湖区的不稳定：当前问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov May 25, 2016Instability in Africas Great Lakes Region: Current IssuesOverview U.S. policy toward Central Africas Great Lakes region has long sought a number of objectives, including: (1) to prevent large-scale regional conflict in the wake of the “Second Congo War” (1998-2003), (2) to preclude ethnic massacres such as the 1994 Rwandan genocide, (3) to support multilateral efforts to demobilize non-state armed groups, (4) to respond to humanitarian needs, (5) to advance economic development, and (6) to promote fair and nonviolent business practices in the minerals sector. The Obama Administration has emphasized the prevention of mass atrocities and the encouragement of peaceful political transitions amid attempts by the regions incumbent leaders to extend their time in office. Now, a budding electoral crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and a violent political impasse in Burundi threaten the limited, but real, security gains the region has achieved over the past decade. Figure 1. Map Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Since the mid-1990s, cyclical conflict in eastern DRC has destabilized the Great Lakes region and inhibited development, c