[20160721]IF10188_美国农产品贸易中的地理标志（GIs）.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated July 21, 2016Geographical Indications (GIs) in U.S. Agricultural TradeGeographical indications (GIs) are place names used to identify products that come from these places and to protect the quality and reputation of a distinctive product originating in a certain region. The term is most often applied to wines, spirits, and agricultural products. Some food producers benefit from the use of GIs by giving certain foods recognition for their distinctiveness, differentiating them from other foods in the marketplace. In this manner, GIs can be commercially valuable. GIs may be eligible for relief from acts of infringement or unfair competition. GIs may also protect consumers from deceptive or misleading labels. Examples of registered or established GIs include Parmigiano Reggiano cheese from the Parma region of Italy, Roquefort cheese, Champagne from the region of the same name in France, Irish Whiskey, Darjeeling tea, Florida oranges, Idaho potatoes, Vidalia onions, Washington State apples, and Napa Valley Wines. Why Are GIs a Policy Concern? The use of GIs has become a contentious international trade issue, particularly for U.S. wine, cheese, and