[20160726]IF10442_TPP：知识产权（IPR） .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov July 26, 2016TPP: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Background The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) among the United States and 11 Asia-Pacific countries that would reduce and eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers on goods, services, and agriculture, and establish trade rules and disciplines, including on IPR protection, which expand on World Trade Organization commitments (“WTO-plus”). IPcreations of the mind embodied in physical and digital objectsare a key source of U.S. comparative advantage. IPR are time-limited rights that governments grant to inventors and artists to exclude others from using their inventions and creations without permission. Advancing IPR protection globally has been a U.S. trade negotiating objective since 1988 (P.L. 100-418), first reflected in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The 2015 Trade Promotion Authority (TPA, P.L. 114-26 ) includes prior U.S. trade negotiating objectives for U.S. trade agreements to “reflect a standard of protection similar to that found in U.S. law” (“TRIPS-