[20160923]IF10476_TPP：投资准备金.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov September 23, 2016TPP: Investment ProvisionsBackground The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) among the United States and 11 Asia-Pacific countries that would reduce and eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers on goods, services, and agriculture. TPP also would establish trade rules and disciplines that expand on commitments at the World Trade Organization (WTO), such as on investment, and address new “21st century” issues, such as digital trade and state-owned enterprises. In 2015, the United States was the largest source of and destination for foreign direct investment (FDI). TPP covers about 20% of U.S. FDI abroad, and includes major U.S. investment partners, such as Japan and Canada. The United States has FTAs in force with six TPP countries, all with investment obligations (Fig. 1). Still, concerns remain over investment barriers in the TPP region, such as sectoral restrictions, discriminatory treatment, and local content requirements. Figure 1. U.S. FTAs with Proposed TPP Partners Source: CRS. Investment Provisions and Key Debates TPPs investment chapter defines “investment” broadly as assets that investor