[20170110]IF10001_网络安全问题和挑战.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 10, 2017Cybersecurity Issues and ChallengesOverview Information and communications technology (ICT) is ubiquitous and continually evolving. It is increasingly integral to modern society. ICT devices and components form a highly interdependent system of networks, infrastructure, and resident data known as cyberspace. The process of protecting cyberspace from attacks by criminals and other adversaries is called cybersecurity. The risks associated with any such attack depend on three factors: threats (who is attacking), vulnerabilities (what weaknesses they are attacking), and impacts (how the attack affects the victims). What are the threats? People who perform cyberattacks generally fall into one or more of five categories: criminals intent on monetary gain from crimes such as theft or extortion; spies involved in espionagestealing classified or proprietary information used by government or private entities; nation-state adversaries who develop capabilities and undertake cyberattacks in support of a countrys strategic objectives; “hacktivists” who perform cyberattacks for nonmonetary reasons; and terrorists who engage in cyberattacks a