[20170427]IF10642_传染病暴发：南美洲的黄热病.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov April 27, 2017Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Yellow Fever in South AmericaIntroduction Since 1980, emerging infectious diseases (EID) have resulted in more frequent outbreaks that are causing higher numbers of human infections. EID are either new diseases or existing ones that have emerged in new areas. In recent decades, new EID have included Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and HIV/AIDS. EID that have spread to new geographical areas have included yellow fever and Zika. Zoonotic pathogens (organisms that spread from animals to humans, often through a vector like a mosquito) sicken some 1 billion people annually, roughly 15 million of whom die. Notable EID outbreaks caused by zoonotic pathogens include SARS (2003), Avian Influenza H5N1 (2005), Pandemic Influenza H1N1 (2009), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV, 2013), West Africa Ebola (2014), Zika (2015), and Central Africa Yellow Fever (2016) and South America Yellow Fever (2016-2017). On average, Congress has provided about $130 million annually through regular appropriations to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Contro