[20170804]IF10698_农场法案入门：灾难援助计划.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov August 4, 2017Farm Bill Primer: Disaster Assistance ProgramsA number of federal programs help agricultural producers recover from the effects of natural disasters, including federal crop insurance; the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP); livestock and fruit tree disaster programs; and emergency disaster loans. All programs are permanently authorized and most receive “such sums as necessary” through mandatory spending authority. As such, these programs do not require reauthorization in the next farm bill. However, Congress may choose to create additional programs, or amend or replace existing programs to address emerging issues. Federal policies that respond to agricultural loss from disasters have changed over time. Direct payments for production loss were authorized by Congress in an ad hoc fashion through emergency funding measures until 2007. With additional support through federal crop insurance policies and the creation of more permanent disaster support programs in the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246), and continued in the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79), Congress shifted policies away from ad hoc assistance toward more permanent forms