[20170802]IF10289_世界卫生组织（WHO）：背景和问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated August 2, 2017World Health Organization (WHO): Background and IssuesBackground Established in 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) is a policy making body that directs and coordinates health efforts within the United Nations system. The WHO also establishes norms and guidelines, monitors global health trends, and provides technical support to member states. Perceptions about WHO capacity, particularly around preventing and controlling the spread of disease, are mixed. Examples of WHO accomplishments in disease control include global immunization campaigns that have eradicated smallpox and significantly reduced the presence of wild polio in the world. On the other hand, some criticized WHOs handling of the H1N1 Influenza Epidemic and the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak. On July 1, 2017, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus became the first African to be elected the Director-General of WHO. His five-year term includes a mandate to improve effectiveness, transparency, and accountability. In addition, Dr. Tedros has set four goals: ensure universal access to health care; respond quickly and effectively to health emergencies; secure the health, dig