[20171010]IF10417_缅甸和平进程：2017年面临的挑战.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated October 10, 2017Burmas Peace Process: Challenges Ahead in 2017Burma (Myanmar) has been riven by a low-grade civil war between government forces and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) since it became an independent sovereign state on January 4, 1948. The Burmese military, or Tatmadaw, used the ongoing conflictand the perceived risk that some states could secede from the federated governmentto justify seizing power from a democratically elected civilian government on March 2, 1962. Over the next 50 years, the Tatmadaw was unable either to negotiate an end to the civil war, or to win victory on the battlefield. In 2011, Burmas military junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), transferred power to a mixed civilian/military government headed by President Thein Sein, a retired general and ex-SPDC prime minister. President Thein Sein made negotiating a nationwide ceasefire a priority, but his efforts were only partially successful. While 8 of the more than 20 EAOs signed a ceasefire agreement on October 15, 2015, most of the larger EAOs did not sign because of the exclusion of some of the smaller EAOs from the ceasefire agreement. Since