[20180117]IF10807_金融改革：银行监管.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov January 17, 2018Financial Reform: Bank SupervisionReforms to the bank supervision framework have been proposed as part of the broader financial reform debate, including in H.R. 10, which passed the House on June 8, 2017, and S. 2155, which was reported by committee on December 18, 2017. Background Bank regulation has three distinct components: rulemaking (the authority to implement rules with which banks must comply); enforcement (the authority to take certain legal actions, such as imposing fines, against an institution that fails to comply with rules and laws); and supervision. Supervision refers to the authority of certain regulatorsthe Federal Reserve (the Fed), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)to monitor and examine banks, impose reporting requirements, and instruct banks to modify behavior. Supervision enables regulators to ensure banks are in compliance with applicable laws and regulation and to evaluate and promote the safety and soundness of individual banks (known as micro-