[20180208]IF10825_数字货币：规避制裁风险.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov February 8, 2018Digital Currencies: Sanctions Evasion RisksIntroduction As the market for digital currencies evolves, one area on which Congress has focused is the potential use of digital currencies for sanctions evasion. Digital currencies face an uneven international regulatory environment, and countries are considering different approaches to regulating and/or issuing digital currencies. Some governments are exploring the possibility of issuing digital currency as a means of sanctions evasion (as in the case of Venezuela and Russia), while others are exploiting weaknesses in existing virtual currency markets to evade restrictions on access to the international banking system (as in the case of North Korea). Digital Currency Market Money is the set of assets used to buy goods and services from others. It functions in the economy as a: (1) medium of exchange; (2) unit of account; and (3) store of value. Although money may be made of materials that have intrinsic value, such as gold, most countries today use fiat currency, which has no intrinsic value, but serves as money by government decree. Virtual currencies are digital representations of value