[20180403]IF10865_美国普遍基本收入提案.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov April 3, 2018Universal Basic Income Proposals for the United StatesOverview Conceptually, a universal basic income (UBI) program provides a modest cash income at regular intervals (e.g., each month or year) to all individuals meeting minimal eligibility criteria. A UBI can serve as a social insurance program, a method for distributing income generated by a government-owned asset (e.g., the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend), or both. Other terms for a UBI are a “basic income guarantee” or “unconditional basic income.” Whereas some countrieslike Finland and Canadahave experimented with UBIs, for the United States, UBI discussions are largely notional: the United States does not have a country-wide UBI, and UBI proposals have not been introduced in the 115th Congress. Specific UBI policy proposals for the United States, however, have been offered by members of the social policy community, business world, and the technology industry (e.g., the company Y Combinator has announced plans to conduct a basic income experiment in California). Defining Features Key defining characteristics of UBI proposals are the following: Universality of Benefit. The UBI benefi