[20180426]IF10783_农场法案入门：预算问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated April 26, 2018Farm Bill Primer: Budget IssuesFarm Bills from a Budget Perspective Congress may soon consider a new farm bill, because the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79) generally expires in FY2018. From a budgetary perspective, many programs are assumed to continue beyond the end of the farm bill, and that provides funding for reauthorization, reallocation to other programs, or offsets for deficit reduction. There are two ways to provide farm bill funding: 1. Mandatory spending. A farm bill authorizes outlays and pays for them with multiyear budget estimates when the law is enacted. Budget enforcement is through “PayGo” budget rules and “baseline” projections. 2. Discretionary authorizations. A farm bill sets the parameters for programs and authorizes them to receive funding in subsequent appropriations but does not provide or assure actual funding. Budget enforcement is through future appropriations and budget resolutions. Because mandatory programs often dominate farm bill policy and the debate over the farm bill budget, the rest of this document focuses on mandatory spending. Importance of Baseline to the Farm Bill The Congressional Budget O