[20180530]IF10897_2018年全球石油市场和美国汽油价格.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov May 30, 2018Global Oil Markets and U.S. Gasoline Prices 2018As the 2018 U.S. summer driving season begins, crude oil and gasoline prices have reached their highest levels since 2014. The international crude oil price benchmark (Brent) has increased by approximately 20% since the start of the year, with spot prices reaching just over $80 per barrel in mid-May. As a result, average U.S. retail gasoline pricesincluding taxeshave reached $2.99 per gallon (see Figure 1). Currently, crude oil contributes close to 60% of the price of gasoline. The remaining 40% is from refining, distribution and marketing, and taxes. Prices for other petroleum products such as diesel fuel and kerosene have risen as well. Numerous factors can impact oil and petroleum product prices. Price drivers explored in this In Focus, namely market fundamentals (supply, demand, and stocks) and geopolitical risks, affect the nearly 100 million barrels per day (bpd) global market. However, other factors such as the strength of the U.S. dollar, global spare production capacity, and financial market expectations can also impact price levels. Figure 1. U.S. Average Retail Gasoline Prices Nom