[20180607]IF10902_贸易行动与美国钢铁制造业.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov June 7, 2018Trade Actions and U.S. Steel ManufacturingOn March 8, 2018, President Trump signed a proclamation imposing a duty of 25% on foreign-made steel beginning on March 23. The President acted under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act (19 U.S.C. 1862, as amended), a decades-old law that allows restrictions, such as tariffs or quotas, on imports that have been found to harm the national security of the United States. Steel Tariff and Quotas Since March 23, 2018, U.S. Customs and Border Protection has been collecting duties on steel imports from China, India, Japan, Russia, Turkey, and Vietnam, among others. However, several major steel suppliers were initially exempted pending negotiations on alternative measures. South Korea and Brazil, the third- and fifth-largest suppliers of U.S. steel imports by value, as well as Argentina, accepted annual quotas in place of the 25% tariff. Australia, a tiny steel supplier to the United States, is permanently exempted from the tariff without any quota limits. On June 1, 2018, the remaining temporary exemptions expired, extending the tariff to other key sources of steel imports, including Canada, Mexico, G