[20180607]IF10903_农药使用限制中的濒危物种注意事项：背景和立法 .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov June 7, 2018Endangered Species Considerations in Pesticide Use Restrictions: Background and Legislation The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA; 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.) requires that pesticides, before being approved for distribution or sale, must be registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Registration approval depends on a finding that the pesticide will not pose “unreasonable adverse effects on the environment” when used in conformance with labeling directions. To avoid unlawful takings of federally listed threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) from permitted uses of pesticides under FIFRA, EPA must consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), depending on the listed species of concern. The purpose of consultation is to determine whether a federal action may jeopardize listed species or adversely modify their critical habitat and, if so, to develop alternative federal actions that would avoid such jeopardy or adverse modification. Since 1988, several organizations have challenged the adeq