[20180628]IF10919_允许向通航水域排放农药：第115届国会的议题和立法.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov June 28, 2018Permitting for Pesticide Discharges into Navigable Waters: Issues and Legislation in the 115th CongressPermitting requirements for using registered pesticides in or around the nations waters has been a long-standing issue. Under the Clean Water Act (CWA; 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), discharges of pollutants into navigable waters are unlawful unless specifically authorized by a permit. For decades following the enactment of the CWA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) did not consider registered pesticides used in compliance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA; 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.) as pollutants that required permitting for their discharge into waters. However, in 2009, the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that (1) the statutory definition of pollutant in the CWA encompasses biological pesticides and chemical pesticides that leave a residue in navigable waters, and (2) discharges of such pollutants require permitting. In response to the ruling, EPA issued a general discharge permit to cover the majority of pesticide applications resulting in point source discharges. States with delegated au