[20180702]IF10872_联邦量子信息科学：概述.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated July 2, 2018Federal Quantum Information Science: An OverviewCombining elements of mathematics, computer science, engineering, and physical sciences, quantum information science (QIS) has the potential to provide capabilities far beyond what is possible with the most advanced technologies available today. This In Focus provides an overview of QIS technologies, including examples of their existing and future applications; brief summaries of funding and selected initiatives in research and development (R&D) in the United States and elsewhere around the world; a description of U.S. congressional activity; and a discussion of related policy considerations. Technologies and Applications In quantum computing, rather than bits of information that can be encoded as 0 or 1, qubits of information can take on the value 0, or 1, or both simultaneously. This greatly enhances computing ability. Although much of the press coverage of QIS has been devoted to quantum computing, there is more to QIS. Many experts divide QIS technologies into four application areas: sensing and metrology, communications, computing, and simulation. Others combine computing and si