[20180718]IN10931_美国陆军的初始机动、近程防空（IM-SHORD）系统.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i U.S. Armys Initial Maneuver, Short-Range Air Defense (IM-SHORAD) System (name redacted) Specialist in Military Ground Forces July 18, 2018 The Current State of Army SHORAD The Army defines SHORAD as: Dedicated air defense artillery (ADA) and non-dedicated air defense capabilities that enable movement and maneuver by destroying, neutralizing or deterring low altitude air threats to defend critical fixed and semi-fixed assets and maneuver forces. The Army summarizes the recent history and current state of Army SHORAD in the following section: Short-range air defense artillery units were historically embedded in Army divisions, providing them with an organic capability to protect their critical assets against fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft. However, in the early 2000s, these ADA units were divested from the Army to meet force demands deemed more critical at that time. Decision-makers accepted the risk that threat aircraft might have on maneuver forces and other critical assets because we believed the Air Force could maintain air superiority. Thus, the short-range ADA force post-2005 was reduced to two b