[20180717]IN10930_为温室气体排放附加一个价格并征收碳税或排放费.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i Attaching a Price to Greenhouse Gas Emissions with a Carbon Tax or Emissions Fee name reacte Specialist in Environmental Policy name reacte Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy July 17, 2018 Significant debate continues about what, if any, policy initiatives may be appropriate or feasible to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Major scientific assessments in the United States and internationally conclude that “it is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.” Human-related GHG emissions, if continued, would tend to drive further warming, sea level rise, ocean acidification, and other impacts. Small future climate changes may bring benefits for some and adverse effects to others. Large climate changes would be increasingly adverse for a widening scope of populations and ecosystems. Many nations and subnational governments (including U.S. state and local governments) have begun to address the risks of GHG-induced climate change by enacting GHG emission abatement programs. In the Uni