[20181119]IF11026_胰岛素产品与糖尿病治疗成本.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated November 19, 2018Insulin Products and the Cost of Diabetes TreatmentInsulin is a hormone that regulates the storage and use of sugar (glucose) by cells in the body. When the pancreas does not make enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or it cannot be used effectively (type 2 diabetes), sugar builds up in the blood. This may lead to serious complications, such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, amputation of toes, feet, or limbs. Prior to the discovery of insulin treatment, type 1 diabetics usually died from this disease. There were 23.1 million diagnosed cases of diabetes in the United States in 2015 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Adding an estimated 7.2 million undiagnosed cases brings the total to 30.3 million (9.4% of U.S. population). People with type 1 diabetes, about 5% of U.S. cases, must have insulin injections to survive. For those with type 2 diabetes, about 95% of cases, many can control their blood glucose by following a healthy diet, losing weight, maintaining regular physical activity, and taking oral medications, but some require insulin injections to control their blood glucose