[20181203]IF11034_活动财务：关键政策和宪法问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated December 3, 2018Campaign Finance: Key Policy and Constitutional IssuesCampaign Finance Policy: The Basics For more than a century, Congress has attempted to limit potential corruption and ensure transparency in campaigns through two major approaches: (1) limiting sources and amounts of financial contributions and (2) requiring disclosure about contributions and expenditures. Two major federal statutes, enacted a generation apart, establish most of modern campaign finance policy. The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), first enacted in 1971 and substantially amended in 1974, 1976, and 1979, is the nations primary campaign finance statute. FECA and its 1970s amendments established or updated longstanding provisions about which entities and practices campaign finance law regulates. In 2002, Congress amended FECA by enacting the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) to address money and activities that were widely perceived to affect elections, but were not then regulated by campaign finance law. FECA limits the amount of money that individuals, parties, and political action committees (PACs) can contribute to campaigns, parties, or PACs. In 20