[20181220]IF11055_银行监管简介：监督.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov December 20, 2018Introduction to Bank Regulation: SupervisionTo identity and mitigate risks, bank regulators have the authority to monitor bank activities and, if necessary, direct a bank to change its behavior. Bank supervision creates certain benefits (e.g., fewer bank failures, more systemic stability) but imposes certain costs (e.g., bank compliance costs, reduced credit availability). Congress often faces policy questions about whether these benefits and costs are appropriately balanced. This In Focus provides a brief overview of bank supervision and related policy issues. Who Supervises Banks? Banks are supervised by a primary regulator, which is determined by a banks charter type and whether the bank is a member of the Federal Reserve System. The federal primary regulators are the Federal Reserve (the Fed), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). (The National Credit Union Administration NCUA supervises credit unions.) Banks chartered at the state level also are supervised by state-level bank regulatory agencies. Banks above a certain asset size also are subject to supervision