[20181227]IF11057_全球趋势：肺结核.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated December 27, 2018Global Trends: TuberculosisTuberculosis (TB) remains a major, and evolving, health challenge in many parts of the world and a priority for the U.S. Congress and international community. The U.S. government is one of the largest donors to global TB control efforts. The 116th Congress may consider future funding needs for TB control, particularly for vaccine research and disease surveillance and detection through strengthening health care infrastructure. Tuberculosis Transmission and Prevalence. Infectious diseases cause over 25% of deaths globally, and TB is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. TB is spread through the air, such as when a person inhales germs from an infected persons cough or sneeze. An estimated 23% of the global population is infected with TB bacteria, and about 10% of individuals infected with the TB bacteria will develop active TB. Latent TB becomes active and transmittable when a persons immune system is suppressed, for example due to pregnancy, chemotherapy, or HIV/AIDS. The latter represents a serious public health concern, as people with HIV are 20 to 30 times more likely to devel