[20190308]IN11069_DHS团结一致：第116届国会的国土安全问题.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i DHS Unity of Effort: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress William L. Painter Specialist in Homeland Security and Appropriations March 8, 2019 An unresolved debate dating from the origin of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the extent of department management involvement in the functioning of departmental components. Some policy experts supported a strong management function, which would replace the leadership of the components, while others supported a limited management function that allowed DHS components to function freely in their areas of expertise, much as they had before. Once the department was established in 2003, it became clear that a small management cadre could not provide adequate coordination of policy or oversight of the department. The benefits of coordinated action by a large organization, including setting operational and budgetary priorities, were being lost due to the lack of a capable management cadre with the capacity to manage the departments diverse missions. As its components continued to perform their missions, the department undertook efforts to establish a