[20190403]IF11164_2018年农业法案入门：第一篇商品计划.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov April 3, 20192018 Farm Bill Primer: Title I Commodity ProgramsBackground Commodity programs have historically been an essential part of U.S. farm policy by virtue of their long history (dating back to the 1930s) of providing various forms of revenue support. However, the specific program design and the list of eligible commodities have varied over time with changing market and policy conditions. Provisions of Title I, the “Commodity Title,” of the 2018 farm bill (Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) authorize current commodity revenue support programs for crop years 2019-2023. (For details, see CRS Report R45525, The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): Summary and Side-by-Side Comparison.) U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) commodity programs are funded through the Commodity Credit Corporation. (For details, see CRS Report R44606, The Commodity Credit Corporation: In Brief.) Producers must meet eligibility requirements to participate in the Title I commodity programs and are subject to annual payment limits. (For details, see CRS Report R44739, U.S. Farm Program Eligibility and Payment Limits.) Two Tiers of Market-Based Support There are