[20190409]IF10672_美国在冲绳的军事存在和对关岛的调整.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated April 9, 2019U.S. Military Presence on Okinawa and Realignment to GuamIntroduction In recent years, the U.S. and Japanese governments have steadily strengthened key elements of the U.S.-Japan alliance, but have continued to struggle with how to manage the large-scale presence of U.S. troops in the southernmost Japanese prefecture of Okinawa. These challenges affect broader U.S. efforts to realign its military forces in the region, particularly the plans to transfer some marines to Guam, which faces its own difficulties. Okinawa occupies a key strategic location: the bases provide a crucial component of the U.S. militarys forward operating presence in the Indo-Pacific and are seen by many as a bulwark against Chinas expanding presence in the region. Okinawas Grievances Despite comprising less than 1% of Japans total land area, Okinawa hosts over half of the more than 50,000 U.S. military personnel stationed in Japan and about 70% of all facilities and areas used exclusively by U.S. Forces Japan (USFJ). Okinawa also bears the painful legacy of the Battle of Okinawa in 1945, when 100,000 Japanese soldiers and 40,000-100,000 civilians perished. T