[20190424]IF11188_2018年农业法案入门：乳制品项目.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov April 24, 20192018 Farm Bill Primer: Dairy ProgramsThe 2018 farm bill (P.L. 115-334) revised the dairy program from the 2014 farm bill (P.L. 113-79, as amended by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 BBA, P.L. 115-123). The new program in the 2018 farm bill, Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC), which replaces the Margin Protection Program (MPP), is designed to improve the safety net for milk producers. Many dairy producers assert that MPP failed to provide a sufficient safety net during the 2014 farm bill period, when low milk prices did not trigger program payments. DMC is scheduled to be in effect from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2023. U.S. dairy producers have faced low milk prices in recent years, leading to financial stress and significant departures from dairying. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), since 2013 the number of licensed dairy herds has declined by 20%, from 46,975 to 37,468 in 2018. Margin Protection Program (MPP) The original MPP program under the 2014 farm bill made margin payments to participating dairy producers when a formula-based national milk margincalculated as the difference between the national all-mil