[20190528]IN10898_第116届国会颁布的国家火山预警和监测系统.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System Enacted in the 116th Congress Peter Folger Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy Pervaze A. Sheikh Specialist in Natural Resources Policy Updated May 28, 2019 Priority Volcanoes in the United States In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, a bureau within the Department of the Interior) published a volcanic threat assessment that assigned five threat levels (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low) to 161 volcanoes in 14 states and U.S. territories (Figure 1). The assessment ranked 18 volcanoes as very high and 39 as high. Eleven of the 18 very-high-threat volcanoes are in Washington, Oregon, or California; five are in Alaska; and two are in Hawaii. The study notes that the high- and moderate-threat volcanoes are mostly in Alaska and that the more explosive Alaskan volcanoes can affect national and international aviation. The volcano ranked as the highest threat is Kilauea, the Hawaiian volcano whose 2018 eruptions were accompanied by destructive lava flows and frequent earthquakes, including one of magnitude 6.9. Kilauea is the young