[20190612]IF10219_阿片类药物治疗方案和相关联邦法规.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated June 12, 2019Opioid Treatment Programs and Related Federal RegulationsThe use of opioid medications to treat opioid addiction is subject to federal regulations beyond those that apply to the same medications used for other purposes (e.g., treating pain). The medications methadone and buprenorphine are both opioids; their use to treat opioid addiction is often called opioid substitution therapy, opioid replacement therapy, or opioid agonist treatment. Federally certified opioid treatment programs (OTPs)often called methadone clinicsoffer these opioid medications in addition to counseling and other services for individuals addicted to heroin or other opioids. With few exceptions, the use of methadone to treat opioid addiction is limited to OTPs; however, physicians who wish to treat opioid addiction using buprenorphine may obtain a waiver to do so outside an OTP. A non-opioid medication used in the treatment of opioid addiction, naltrexone, may be used by OTPs, physicians with waivers, or anyone with the authority to write prescriptions. To understand how OTPs are regulated, it is helpful to have some background information about the medication